◾VERY USEFUL INFORMATION
(1) ACT:
Act means a law passed by the Parliament
through adopting proper legislative
procedure/bossiness, after obtaining
approval and consent of the Parliamentary
Committee, Lower House and Upper House
of the Parliament, For example,,, Anti-Terrorism Act,
(2) ORDINANCE:
A law made by the President/Competent
Authority in absence of Legislature/
Parliament or in acute emergency state for a
specific period which later-on expires or the
Parliament gives consent which becomes a
permanent law. It has life of 120 days and It
is extendable one time by the President and
Parliament may reject, set-aside or may give
consent to it, Parliament may convert it into
act by adopting/passing in the Parliament
(3) CODE:
A set of secondary laws (other then
Constitution) especially made and uniformed
in a single code/bare aiming at effective
applicability and regulating the procedure of
Forums/courts and specified outcomes/
punishment for example, Pakistan Penal
Code and Crl Procedure Code.
(4) STATUTE:
A Comprehensive Term used for different
laws including Act, Ordinance and Orders. In
other words, laws having protection of the
Constitution.
(5) MANUAL:
It is neither a legal term nor a kind of law
but it is a general term used for a
compendium/compilation/ins-cyclopedia of
laws of specific filed/profession or
department, containing all the relevant laws
and rules. For example, Manual of Jail Laws,
Manual of Military Laws.
(6) ARTICLE:
A legal term used for division-ing and
portioning of basic and fundamental laws/
direct legislation by a Parliament, within a
Major/Primary Law of a country or a
company. For example Constitution of
Pakistan, Articles of Association of any
company/organisation etc.
(7) SECTION:
A term used for division-ing and
portioning of secondary laws of a state ,next
to the constitution, providing definitions,
regulating procedures and the punishment
etc. For example Section 302 of Pakistan
Penal Code and 154 of Criminal Procedure
Code
(8) RULE:
A legal term used for division and
partition of laws made by the Competent
Authority having delegated powers of
Legislation for regulating the internal affairs
of the department/organisation to achieve
tasks assigned by the Constitution. For
example, Under Article 191, the Constitution
empowers the Supreme Court for making
Rules of procedures. Similarly the National
Assembly may make adopt Business of
Rules.
(9) PARA:
A term used for a minute and further
division of the above mentioned terms of
laws aiming at attraction of the Reader for
similarities and contradiction in law if exists
any.
(10) PROVISION:
A legal term used for additional part of the
above mentioned terms for exception/
protection regarding applicability of law. In
other words, after defining the principal
theme/subject of law, some exceptions are
provided to safeguard others from mis-use
of law and avoid technicalities and
procedural flaws in execution of the said
law.
For example. A High Court Judge may be
posted in Federal Shari-at Court by
transfer,,,,,Provided that the consent of the
said Judge shall be obtained. Second part of
this example is PROVISION. Now many
question/objections arise, for example,
(A) Why Article has been used in Qanoon-E-
Shahadat Order 1984 ?
(B) Why Order and Ordinances in Pakistan
still intact as law for the last 3 decades
although Ordinace/Order expires after 120
days suo moto?
The answers go as under:
In Pakistan almost majority of Ordinances/
orders have been issued in Martial Law
Period so these Ordinances/orders have
been given protection by the Parliament
under LFO/legal Frame Work Order and have
now become permanent law. Second It
depends on the Legislature/Drafter of the
Law, they may use term of Article in Order
passed by the President.
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