Part of Speech

☆《LECTURE》☆:-->
Complete discussion on 1st part of speech"NOUN
Now we are going to start Parts of speech.

          *Parts of speech*
       In English language, all the words are divided into some categories on the basis of their functions. These categories are called parts of speech. English has 8 parts of speech:

1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Conjunction
7. Preposition
8. Interjection

            *Noun*
     "A word, which gives name to a person, place, thing or idea is called noun".
👉 It's also called as naming word.
*Examples*
1. The car hit a boy.
*Car and boy* are nouns.
2. Ali is sleeping.
*Ali* is a noun.

   ⭕ *Types* ⭕
There are 7 types of noun. These are:
   ❤1. *Common noun*
"A noun, which names some common/general thing, person or place".
*Examples*
1. The boy was beaten.
*Boy* can be any boy, I.e Ali, Fahad, Saleem, etc. So here, boy is a common noun.
2. I live in city.
*city* can be any city I.e Karachi, Peshawar etc.

     ❤2. *Proper noun*
" A noun, which names a specific person, place or thing".
*Examples*
1. Shazia went to college.
*Shazia* is a proper noun because it names a specific person.
2. Karachi is a big city.
*Karachi* is a proper noun. Etc.

     ❤3. *Material Noun*
"A noun, which stands for some materials, from which other things can be made".
*Examples*
1. Gold is a previous metal.
*Gold* is a material noun because we can create many other things (ornaments) from it.
2. Gypsum is used in factories.
*Gypsum* is a material noun.

     ❤4. *Collective noun*
"A noun, which shows a group of person, places or things".
*Examples*
1. Our college staff protested yesterday.
*staff* is a collective noun because it stands for a group of persons I.e teachers.
2. Their team beat the opponent.
*team* is a collective noun because it stands for a group of players. Etc.

    ❤5. *Abstract noun*
"A noun, which represents an idea, which we cannot see or touch but can only feel/perceive through our senses"
*Examples*
1. He gave his opinion.
*opinion* is something which we can't see or touch but can feel it. So it's abstract noun .
2. Sheela had a pain.
*pain* can't be seen and thus it's called as abstract noun.

    ❤6. *Countable noun*
"A noun, which represents things which we can count".
*Examples*
1. I bought two dozens of eggs.
*eggs* here is a countable noun because its can be counted that how many eggs I bought.
2. Ali ate three apples.
*Apples* here is a countable noun.

      ❤7. *Uncountable noun*
" A noun, which we can't count ".
*Examples*
1. Give me water please.
*water* can't be counted d thus it's called as uncountable noun.
2. I've some sugar.
*sugar* is uncountable noun.

     ⭕ *Number of noun*⭕
1. *Singular*
"A noun, which stands for one thing".
*Examples*
1. Chair
2. Boy
3. Pen etc.

2 *Plural*
" A noun, which represents two or more things".
*Examples*
1. Boys
2. Houses
3. Cities etc.

     ⭕ *Gender of noun* ⭕
1. *Masculine*
"A noun, which stands for a male gender".
*Examples*
1. Father.
2. Dog.
3. Brother etc.

2. *Feminine*
" A noun, which stands for a female gender".
*Examples*
1. Girl.
2. Mother.
3. Sister etc.

3. *Common*
"A noun, which stands for both, male and female".
*Examples*
1. Teacher.
2. Student.
3. Doctor etc.

4. *Neuter*
" A noun, which stands neither for male nor for female".
*Examples*
1. Car.
2. Pen.
3. Bazar etc.

        ⭕ *Cases of noun* ⭕
There are three cases of nouns:
1. *Subjective case*
"When the noun is used as subject of the sentence".
👉 This is also called as nominative case.
*Examples*
1. Ali is a good boy.
*Ali* here is subjective case of noun.
2. Shaan wants to go.
*Shaan* is subjective case of noun.

2. *Objective case*
" When the noun is used as object of the sentence".
👉 This is also called as  accusative case.
*Examples*
1. I beat Ali.
*Ali* is used as object of the sentence and it's objective case of noun..

3. *Possessive case*
"When a noun possesses something".
👉This is also called as genitive case.
*Examples*
1. This is my brother's house.
*brother's* is possessive case of noun.
2. She is his friend.
*his* is a possessive case of noun
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